Assessment of stability of main façade and one representative apse of Ħaġar Qim temple

Abstract

Ħaġar Qim is one of Malta's cultural treasures. There exists a new awareness of the importance of the conservation of these prestigious temple sites. Research involved studying various aspects of this temple; its structure and materials constituents, collapses and interventions as well as past studies, with particular attention to the facade and apse 2. The aim of this study was to assess the stability of these two areas in a number of ways: (i) Photographic survey: Comparisons were made between past and present photographs. The changes observed were studied. Past photographs were obtained from both archival records and the internet. (ii) Past restorations: These were listed and discussed. (iii) Effect of the climate: Data from the weather station at Ħaġar Qim was collected and examined. Parameters studied were solar radiation and temperature, wind, rain and relative humidity. (iv) Soil moisture content: Two soil moisture sensors were placed at the temple site; one in the infill and another on the soil's surface. Data collected was examined. Results of the above studies have shown that deterioration has occurred over the years, due to unsuccessful restorations such as use of cement, insertion of dowels and anastylosis. The weathering effects of the climate have also been a cause of deterioration on the megaliths. This study also explores monitoring techniques and equipment used in other countries on comparable sites and for similar material to those of Ħaġar Qim. Suggestions are given on some techniques that could be used. Recommendations for further research on how to assess the stability of Ħaġar Qim are also proposed.