Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/81285
Title: Analysis of other phenolics (capsaicin, gingerol, and alkylresorcinols)
Authors: Shah, Ismail
Shah, Muhammad Ajmal
Nawaz, Muhammad Asif
Pervez, Sidra
Noreen, Nida
Vargas-de la Cruz, Celia
Khan, Fazlullah
Blundell, Renald
Briffa, Jessica
Azzopardi, Joseph
Niaz, Kamal
Keywords: Phenols -- Analysis
Capsaicin
Issue Date: 2020
Publisher: Elsevier Inc.
Citation: Shah, I., Shah, M. A., Nawaz, M. A., Pervez, S., Noreen, N., Vargas-de la Cruz, C., ... & Niaz, K. (2020). Analysis of other phenolics (capsaicin, gingerol, and alkylresorcinols). In S. M. Nabavi, M. Saeedi, S. F. Nabavi, & A. Sanches Silva (Eds.), Recent Advances in Natural Products Analysis (pp. 255-271). Amsterdam: Elsevier Inc.
Abstract: Polyphenols or the plant phenolics are the secondary naturally occurring metabolites that arise biogenetically from either the phenylpropanoid pathway, which directly provides phenylpropanoids, or the polyketide pathway that produces simple phenols. Both of these pathways produce monomeric and polymeric phenols which fulfill a very wide range of physiological roles in plants. Several thousands of phenolic compounds are synthesized by higher plants. This ability to produce phenolic compounds has been adopted during the course of evolution in various plant lineages, hence permitting the plants to cope with the constantly altering environmental challenges over the evolution period. Plant phenolics are proven to play a key role as defence compounds when environmental stresses like low temperature, intense light, herbivores, nutrient deficiency, and pathogens infection can cause an increased production of free radicals and other oxidative species. Both abiotic and biotic stressers stimulate carbon flux from primary to the secondary metabolic pathways and induce a shift of available resources in favor of the synthesis of secondary products. This link of primary and secondary metabolism couples accumulation of the stress metabolite proline with energy transfer toward the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids via the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. The alternating oxidation of NADPHby proline synthesis and reduction of NADP+ by the two oxidative steps of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway lead to the simultaneous accumulation of phenolic compounds (Lattanzio, 2013). The rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae), commonly known as ginger, is one of the most widely used spice and condiment. The nonvolatile pungent compounds (namely gingerols, shogaols, paradols, and zingerone) are some of the extensively studied phytochemicals and account for the antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiemetic, and gastro protective activities (Kubra and Jaganmohanrao, 2012). Similarly, alkylresorcinols, the phenolic lipids, are present in bran and specifically in outer layer of the seed coat. Various studies have suggested that alkylresorcinols have the ability to protect cellular lipid components from oxidative processes. Accordingly, alkylresorcinols appear to behave as antioxidant compounds and antiinflammatory as well, but they are generally known as weak antioxidants compared to some other bioactive compounds such as α-tocopherol (vitamin E) (Ross et al., 2003). Another phenolic compound is capsaicin which is a unique alkaloid found mainly in the fruit of Capsicum genus and provides a spicy flavor. It has high phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The main mechanism through which it carries out its protective effect against lipid peroxidation in the brain and the liver is by Fe (II) chelating ability, OH and NO radicals scavenging ability, and inhibition of overstimulation of NMDA receptor (Oboh and Rocha, 2007). The aim of this chapter is to review about the biological potential, extraction and analytical techniques, and industrial applications of capsaicinoids, gingerols, and alkylresorcinols.
URI: https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/81285
Appears in Collections:Scholarly Works - FacM&SPB

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