Anti-Parkinson’s evaluation of Brassica juncea leaf extract and underlying mechanism of its phytochemicals

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is asso- ciated with progressive neuronal damage and dysfunction.

Oxidative stress helps to regulate neurodegenerative and neuronal dysfunction. Natural compounds could attenuate oxidative stress in a variety of neurological disorders. B. juncea is a rich source of antioxidants. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of B. juncea leaves for the treatment of PD by applying behavioral, in vivo and in silico studies. For in vivo studies rats were

divided into six groups (n = 6). Group-I served as nor- mal control (vehicle control). Group-II was disease con- trol (haloperidol 1 mg/kg). Group-III was kept as a stan- dard group (L-Dopa 100 mg/kg + carbidopa 25 mg/kg).

Groups (IV–VI) were the treatment groups, receiving ex- tract at 200-, 400- and 600 mg/kg doses respectively, for 21

days orally.

Results: In vivo study results showed that the

extract was found to improve muscles strength, motor co- ordination, and balance in PD. These behavioral outcomes

were consistent with the recovery of endogenous antioxi- dant defence in biochemical analysis which was further cor- roborated with histopathological ameliorations. Dopamine

levels increased and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) levels decreased dose-dependently in the brain during the study. Herein, we performed molecular docking analysis of the proposed extracted phytochemicals has explained that four putative phytochemicals (sinapic acid, rutin, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid) have presented very good results in terms of protein-ligand binding interactions as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion & toxicity (ADMET) profile estimations.

Conclusion: The undertaken study

concluded the anti-Parkinson activity of B. juncea and fur- ther suggests developments on its isolated compounds in

PD therapeutics.