An analysis of crime incidence in the commercial zone of Valletta and the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies

Abstract

This research analysed crime occurring in the commercial zone of Valletta. It attempted to focus on crime causation within the area. The effectiveness of crime prevention strategies employed were tested, concentrating mainly on principles of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) as proposed by Cozens, Saville and Hillier, (2005). The research approach chosen for this study was a triangulation of methods so as to be able to incorporate both the quantitative and qualitative approaches together. An on-the-ground analysis over a span of three months was carried out to map variables that could have an effect on crime. The whole parameter of the commercial zone of Valletta as indicated by the Malta Environment and Planning Authority (MEPA) was included. This data was inputted into a mapping computer programme which was then analysed. Secondly, data from Police Information Reporting System (P.I.R.S.) provided a clear picture of crime occurrence by type and by street. Finally, qualitative interviews with ten shop owners were conducted using semi-structured interview made specifically for the purpose of this study. Purposive sampling was used to choose shops situated in low and high crime areas. Data gathered from these interviews was analysed using thematic analysis. The main results gathered from this research study showed how crime prevention strategies were recorded to be lower than average in crime hotspots when compared to low crime areas within the commercial zone. The main themes elicited form the qualitative interviews included perception of safety; crime typology and reasons for its occurrence; victimisation, fear and vulnerability; reducing the risk and ways forward. In conclusion, upon implementing security measures as proposed by CPTED helps to enhance surveillance and reduce crime opportunities which ultimately make crime a more difficult task for the criminal. Since this phenomenon is a crucial aspect of the Maltese society, the researcher recommends the need for further in-depth research. Local policy needs to be improved with regards to increased implementation of CPTED principles.