The contribution of family and peers in the development of delinquency

Abstract

This retrospective study explores the influence of family and peers in the process and development of delinquent and criminal behaviour. It also attempts to identify a link between family functioning and peer interaction. Research on delinquency and family relationships offer ample evidence that family structure and functioning influence a child's behaviour. Studies focusing on peer relations believe peers to be a potent force in delinquent involvement. Research also suggests that family and peer dynamics are interrelated and that peers have a greater effect on delinquent behaviour for those young people who have weak attachments to their families (Hirschi, 1969; Poole & Regoli, 1979; Warr, 1993). The literature review specifically addresses social bond theory, differential association theory and labelling theory. It is presumed that these models throw a more direct light on issues relating to family functioning such as communication, attachment, supervision, discipline and warmth and on peer relations such as selective socialisation, peer pressure and increased opportunity. Data for this qualitative study was collected through in-depth interviews with ten males. Seven participants had served a prison sentence whereas three were under the supervision of probation officers. The main issues discussed during the interview were parental attachment, discipline, peer selection and peer interaction. From the data collected the family emerged as a strong contingency in the delinquent involvement of participants. It seems that many of the participants experienced weak parental attachment, lax or harsh discipline and parental conflict. Data indicates that peers influenced the escalation of criminal behaviour. This study unveiled interesting findings in relation to peer pressure and its dynamics. Recommendations for preventive programmes for "at risk" children and youth and the need for further research are discussed in the concluding chapter of this-study.