Evolving occupational roles and engagement in the Maltese elderly

Abstract

This research study was conducted to investigate the changes that an individual faces with regards to their life roles and occupations as they enter into late-adulthood. Thus, it will explore the difference in one’s duties and roles as a citizen, worker and provider as one ages. This study involved interviewing a set of seven elderly individuals between the ages of 75 and 85. Interviews also had to be held via phone call due to the Coronavirus pandemic, so as to prevent further transmission and harm. A qualitative method was used throughout the research along with a phenomenological design as it involved the collection of pre-existing data. Thematic analysis was then used by extracting mutual themes from all of the interviews. The results included a set of 5 common themes: physical, psychological, social, avocational and spiritual factors. According to the results gathered, the reason that their occupations had changed was mostly due to physical factors as they were no longer physically able to participate in certain activities. Other reasons included feelings of anxiety associated with some activities as they felt more vulnerable and at risk of being harmed by others. On the other hand, their roles changed due to mostly external factors such as the passing of their loved ones, retirement, or their family no longer needing their care, resulting in some individuals feeling as though they no longer had a role to fill in society. More research needs to be conducted in this area, as more awareness of the implications of old age can bring about a new perspective for occupational therapy when treating the elderly community.