Exploring occupational performance issues in individuals with multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) experience physical and cognitive impairments which pose daily challenges related to personal care, employment and social participation affecting their overall quality of life. Therefore, this research study aimed to explore occupational performance issues experienced by these individuals. A qualitative approach together with a quantitative element was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were used as the primary data collection tool along with the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). Data collected through the interviews was transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was then used to analyse the experiences shared by participants. The MFIS was scored and analysed according to the prescribed guidelines and the results were presented in bar charts. The eight participants in this study, aged between 32-56 years, all experienced various challenges to complete different occupations. The findings indicated that MS symptoms affected physical and cognitive functioning. Fatigue was considered as the most prevalent symptom. These symptoms interfered with independence in daily life. This research study concluded that MS interfered with participation in meaningful occupations and altered occupational performance over time. Most participants used coping strategies to facilitate function and remain as independent and self-sufficient as possible. These findings could help to increase awareness on the daily struggles faced by these individuals and could help occupational therapists as well as other healthcare professionals to devise treatment programmes that target their specific needs.