Commentary

Abstract

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a broad term which includes four anatomical locations of bleeding (intracerebral, subarachnoid, subdural and epidural) with different pathogenetic mechanisms.[1] Hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are the most common risk factors for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, and arterial‑venous malformations, tumors, and vasculopathies are associated with secondary intracerebral hemorrhage. Coagulopathies and antithrombotic drugs increase the risk of both events.[2] Subarachnoid hemorrhage, defined as bleeding into the space between the pia and the arachnoid membranes, is mainly due to rupture of cerebral aneurysms.[1] Subdural hematoma located between the dura and the arachnoid and epidural hematoma located between the dura and the bone, are usually caused by traumatic injuries.[1] Among the rare causes of ICH, infections are also mentioned.