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dc.contributor.authorMifsud, Simon-
dc.contributor.authorGauci, Zachary-
dc.contributor.authorGruppetta, Mark-
dc.contributor.authorMallia Azzopardi, Charles-
dc.contributor.authorFava, Stephen-
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-16T07:14:32Z-
dc.date.available2022-02-16T07:14:32Z-
dc.date.issued2021-
dc.identifier.citationMifsud, S., Gauci, Z., Gruppetta, M., Mallia Azzopardi, C., & Fava, S. (2021). Adrenal insufficiency in HIV/AIDS : a review. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 16(6), 351-362.en_GB
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/89142-
dc.description.abstractINTRODUCTION: Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is one of the most common potentially life-threatening endocrine complications in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).en_GB
dc.description.abstractAREAS COVERED: In this review, the authors explore the definitions of relative AI, primary AI, secondary AI and peripheral glucocorticoid resistance in PLHIV. It also focuses on the pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis and management of this endocrinopathy in PLHIV. A literature review was conducted through Medline and Google Scholar search on the subject.en_GB
dc.description.abstractEXPERT OPINION: Physicians need to be aware of the endocrinological implications of HIV infection and its treatment, especially CYP3A4 enzyme inhibitors. A high index of clinical suspicion is needed in the detection of AI, especially in PLHIV, as it may present insidiously with nonspecific signs and symptoms and may be potentially life threatening if left untreated. Patients with overt primary and secondary AI require glucocorticoid replacement therapy. Overt primary AI also necessitates mineralocorticoid replacement. On the other hand, the management of relative AI remains controversial. In order to reduce the risk of adrenal crisis during periods of stress, the short-term use of glucocorticoids may be necessary in relative AI.en_GB
dc.language.isoenen_GB
dc.publisherTaylor & Francisen_GB
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessen_GB
dc.subjectAdrenal Insufficiencyen_GB
dc.subjectHIV (Viruses)en_GB
dc.subjectAIDS (Disease) -- Complicationsen_GB
dc.subjectGlucocorticoids -- Immunologyen_GB
dc.titleAdrenal insufficiency in HIV/AIDS : a reviewen_GB
dc.typearticleen_GB
dc.rights.holderThe copyright of this work belongs to the author(s)/publisher. The rights of this work are as defined by the appropriate Copyright Legislation or as modified by any successive legislation. Users may access this work and can make use of the information contained in accordance with the Copyright Legislation provided that the author must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the prior permission of the copyright holder.en_GB
dc.description.reviewedpeer-revieweden_GB
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/17446651.2021.1979393-
dc.publication.titleExpert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolismen_GB
Appears in Collections:Scholarly Works - FacM&SMed

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