What's behind children's food choices?

Abstract

The aim of this research study was to explore Maltese primary school children's food choices at different times along the day whilst uncovering those factors which influence their choices. Besides, it also sought to shed light on group differences in food preferences. A questionnaire was developed to obtain information about Maltese school children's food consumption. Following this, focus groups were conducted so as to achieve detailed information on features present in food and in environmental surroundings that influence children's food choices. Analysis revealed that female participants opt more for 'lighter' and 'healthier' snacks while boys tend to choose items which are higher in fats and sugars. Results show that older children's food choices tend to be influenced by peers, thus less healthy food choices are made at this age. Conversely, the healthy choices made by the youngest participants can be contributed to the role that parents still have in the children's choices at this age. Food marketing was one of the most features that determined children's choices irrespective of their age and gender. This research reveals that children had good knowledge of the health value of food items presented although there were some misinterpretations. Moreover, taste, texture, shape, colour and convenience were some features that attracted children to some food items while texture, taste and convenience were other features that put participants off. All this provides valuable information for the development of educational schemes that will help primary school children to make healthier food choices.