Implications of Schengen upon small states

Abstract

The Schengen area was formed in 1985 by the five European Community (EC) members. European integration throughout the years has resulted in the accession of another twenty countries, with Malta joining Schengen in 2007, after the 2004 EU enlargement. In this study, the implications of Schengen upon small states were examined, with particular reference to Malta, Slovenia, Norway, Iceland, and Ireland. A comparative study was made between Malta and Slovenia, and implementation disparities in Norway, Iceland, and Ireland were analysed. The findings of this study showed that although small states are at a disadvantage in certain aspects of Schengen, numerous counter-strategies may be adopted in order to strengthen their position in the Schengen area, and make their voice heard. Due to the fact that Schengen is a relatively new agreement for most small states, more time needs to elapse, and further research conducted in order to evaluate the long-term implications of Schengen upon small states. The author also suggests a number of recommendations which Schengen member states should adopt in the coming years.