State-NGO relations in development assistance in Ethiopia : case study : the fight against HIV/AIDS

Abstract

Throughout the years, it has become crucial for states not just to engage with other states, but also to deal with non-state actors in the society. In development assistance, partnerships between the state and NGOs have been encouraged by many donors; because through cooperation, the goal of poverty reduction would be truly fulfilled. However, the extent of the relations between the two depends on a number of factors, such as the regime type, and the scale and objectives of NGOs. This was seen from the context of a specific country: Ethiopia, and a specific development sector: HIV/AIDS For many years, Ethiopia has strived to acquire the principles of democracy; however, its authoritarian character is still embedded within the system. This in turn, has impacted the relations between the state and NGOs in development assistance. From the birth of NGOs, up until the present day, relations have gradually shifted from hostility during the Derg regime towards better cooperation in recent years. Interaction between the two entities has greatly improved. Taking the case of HIV/AIDS, the state and NGOs are increasingly and variously cooperating with each other in different projects and programmes, ranging from direct assistance in project implementation to capacity building and technical assistance. The state is also involving a number of NGOs in policy making processes and discussions regarding the eradication of this disease, which is already a step towards better partnership. However, the state still holds absolute power in the relations between the two. This is seen from the rules and regulations imposed on NGOs, limiting the activities and creating divisions between NGOs themselves; the intense bureaucratic procedures in the registration process; and the selection of NGOs with which it can engage in policy making processes. In conclusion, state-NGO relations are moving towards better partnerships, however, the authoritarian trait is still a major cause for concern.