Gender differences in later life education

Abstract

Today when the populations of the world are ageing, many older persons show increasing interest in educational activities. Therefore, older adult education is nowadays considered "to be the fastest growing branch of adult education in post-industrialized countries" (Formosa, 2000: 3). One of the best known programmes of this branch is the University of the Third Age (U3A). As part of these successful programmes, the U3A Malta attracts many older persons every year (Troisi, 2004). But, for all the increasing number of members, the U3As, all over the world, attracts more females than males. The aim of this study was to identify gender characteristics which might influence participation in the U3A Malta. Following a literature review focusing on the U3A movement, educational programmes' benefits, and characteristics of members, field work was carried out at the U3A Malta. A qualitative approach was used to collect data through semi-structured interview and non-participant observation. The study affirms that gender differences do exist in older person's participation in the U3A Malta. Females are joining U3A mainly for socialization and education whilst males are joining for education. Females and males have different retirement paths: women tend to remain active while men tend to "disengaged". The study doesn't reveals significant differences between males and females in terms of educational interests. The study sustains that females are more associated in education and the well-being than males. The dissertation ended with a number of recommendations for policy makers so as to improve participation in the U3A, and hence in improving the overall well-being.