This chapter presents a comparative analysis and review of indoor positioning systems, both from an algorithm and a technology point of view. It sheds light on the evolving landscape of location-based services within confined spaces. The review encompasses a diverse range of technologies employed in indoor positioning systems, including Wi-Fi-based systems, Bluetooth low-energy solutions, radio frequency identification technologies, ultra-wideband, inertial measurement units, visual-based systems, and sensor fusion approaches amongst many others.

By summarising a multitude of research findings and technological advancements, the chapter offers insights into the strengths, limitations, and emerging trends within the field. Furthermore, it critically assesses the performance metrics of various indoor positioning systems, thus providing a comprehensive guide for researchers, developers, and practitioners. The comparative analysis delves into the practical implications of these systems, by considering factors such as design and deployment cost, power efficiency, and adaptability to different indoor environments.

The main types of signal acquisition and position estimation techniques used in indoor positioning systems are discussed, while providing the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. This chapter aims to contribute to the advancement of indoor positioning technology, by offering valuable perspectives for future research directions and practical applications.