Pre-operative incentive spirometry and post-operative atelectasis in coronary artery bypass grafting : a comparative study

Abstract

Overview of the topic: Overview of post-operative atelectasis and its impact on patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The research question: "Does the implementation of pre-operative incentive spirometry in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) reduce the incidence of post-operative atelectasis compared to patients who do not receive pre-operative incentive spirometry?" PICO elements: Population(P) Adult patients undergoing CABG, Surgery Intervention(I) Preoperative incentive spirometry, Comparison(C) No preoperative incentive spirometry, Outcome(O) Risk of post-operative atelectasis The inclusion and exclusion criteria applied: The main inclusion/exclusion criterion used was that the studies patient using incentive spirometry before surgery and not using incentive spirometry before surgery. The outcome of the search: 4 RCTs and 1 meta-analysis studies were chosen after irrelevant studies were omitted by using the PRISMA 2020 checklist. Methods of the appraisal used: The RCTS Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) was used as a critical appraisal guide of the key studies. The main results from the evidence- Five studies showed a significant reduction of Postoperative Atelectasis The main conclusions- The utilization of pre-operative incentive spirometry demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of post-operative atelectasis in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The implications and most important recommendations- The study's implications highlight the importance of implementing pre-operative incentive spirometry as a standard practice in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting to reduce post-operative atelectasis and improve patient outcomes, while further research is needed to optimize its effectiveness.