Photobiomodulation for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in paediatrics

Abstract

This research explores the impact of rapid urbanisation on young adults, delving into their unique challenges and opportunities within evolving urban environments. The inspiration for this research project came from the diverse experiences that young people have confided in me, given my role as a youth worker. The literature accompanying this study highlights urbanisation's various impacts and forces on young adults. It also includes a discussion that delves into the evolving requirements of young people in response to these transformations. One part of the study analyses the historical progression of urbanisation's effects. At the same time, data collected from focus group sessions and socially engaged art practices investigates and spotlights the recommendations presented by young individuals in Malta. The results of this research are likely to pique the curiosity of anyone directly engaged in the substantial changes in lifestyle patterns brought about by urbanisation and policymakers. In addition to its role in assessing and promoting best practices, this research emphasises areas related to youth engagement and identifies services that require additional enhancements. The active participation of young adults throughout the research phase offered them a platform to express their concerns and ideas, thereby actively contributing to the process and initiatives to advance a healthy urban environment in Malta. Results: Four studies were retrieved; a systematic review with meta-analysis (SA/MA), and three RCTs. A statistically significant difference was found within the results of all four studies, showing that PBMT is more effective at preventing severe OM, and alleviating OM-associated pain when compared to usual care or placebo treatment. Conclusion: The PICO question can be answered successfully as PBMT was found to be effective and safe for treating CTIOM in children, however more research must be done for satanizing PBMT protocols so as for PBMT to be more commonly implemented withing clinical settings. Implications and Recommendations: The absence of standardized guidelines, resulting in varied PBMT protocols, necessitates further research. Future research should focus on determining optimal PBMT parameters for young patients. Additionally, understanding the long-term effects of PBMT on oral health and quality of life is crucial. Methodological disparities and small sample sizes call for research with improved methodological quality. To integrate PBMT into standard treatment protocols, comprehensive training programs and education for healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients are essential, alongside clear safety guidelines. Lastly, local healthcare management should consider equipment quality, staff training, clear guidelines, policy advocacy, and funding options to enhance PBMT accessibility.