Exploring nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions on medication errors in Mater Dei Hospital

Abstract

Background & Context: The medication administration process within nursing is crucial yet complex, with potential points of error that can significantly impact patient safety. Despite extensive efforts to improve medication safety, especially in Malta, errors remain prevalent in health care settings. Aims & Objectives: Recognizing the ongoing challenges in medication safety, this study aimed to explore nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding medication errors (MEs) in Mater Dei Hospital (MDH) and identify barriers to reporting error. Research Question: What are the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of nurses regarding medication errors at Mater Dei Hospital? Methodology: A cross-sectional survey study guided by the theory of Planned Behavior was conducted in Mater Dei Hospital (MDH), using post-positivist approach. A structured questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample (N=429) of staff nurses working in selected wards. An online survey was distributed through an online link by 9 intermediaries to minimise risk of researcher bias and avoid coercion. 301 nurses voluntarily responded to the online survey. Key Findings: Study findings revealed a significant inverse relationship between the years of nursing experience and the occurrence of MEs. This research found significant underreporting of MEs and highlighted the need to raise awareness and bring visibility to the available reporting mechanisms to enhance patient safety. Knowledge gaps among nurses, communication challenges with physicians, and systemic issues, such as staffing levels, emerged as notable barriers to effective medication management. Conclusion: In conclusion, fostering a culture of open communication, continuous learning, and organizational support is paramount in empowering nurses to navigate the complexities of MEs and ensure patient safety. Prioritizing the well-being and professional development of nurses not only mitigates the risks associated with MEs but also enhances their capacity to deliver high-quality care. By addressing challenges faced by nurses, MDH can cultivate a culture that values their contributions and enables them to fulfill their vital role in safeguarding patient well-being whilst administering medications.