A cumulative impact assessment of Malta’s 25NM fisheries management zone

Abstract

While numerous attempts have been made to define the scope and nature of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP), few have addressed its effective implementation. As the need for integrated approaches grows, the combination of MSP with Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) emerges as a promising solution to address complex issues arising from failures in ocean governance. Ecosystem-based management is widely recognized as essential for mitigating human-induced pressures on marine environments. Various studies have sought to identify ways to implement the elements of EBM within MSP, and multiple tools have been developed for this reason. This study focuses on the application of EBM principles within MSP, specifically targeting Malta's 25nm fisheries management zone. Utilizing GIS and ODEMM's integrated Management Strategy Evaluation (iMSE) tool, this research carries out a Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) to evaluate the density of activities in the marine environment and possible conflicts that exist and assesses the impacts of the same anthropogenic activities. Results highlight significant impact risk, high connectance, and long recovery times around the coast, particularly in ports and harbours, and in protected areas underscoring the importance of adopting strict zoning measures and adaptive management strategies for sustainable marine spatial planning. This research contributes to advancing the understanding and implementation of EBM within MSP frameworks, crucial for effective ocean governance and environmental conservation.