Penile neoplasm prevention in males : the effectiveness of a quadrivalent HPV vaccine

Abstract

Cancer of the penis is considered to be a rare malignancy, yet information to date indicate increased incidence rates in HPV-related penile neoplasm worldwide. The objective of this project was to determine whether HPV vaccination in young males reduced penile neoplasm incidence, after a follow-up period of 30 years. The researched question was formulated to read as follows: “In young males, does Quadrivalent HPV vaccine prevent future penile neoplasms during the first 30 years from administration?” The PICOT elements derived from the researched question were Population - young males; Intervention - quadrivalent HPV vaccine; Comparison – placebo; expected Outcome - penile neo-plasm, Time - 30 years follow-up. A multifaceted and comprehensive literature search was conducted through UoM and TCD e-library websites, pertaining to 23 electronic da-tabases along with manually retrieved sources. Reviews from recent publications dating from 2010 onwards included articles which were full-text peer-reviewed of high quality methodology, and English language chosen as the preferred language. Articles which focused on females, elderly individuals or animals were omitted from search. Analysis of all the reviewed articles was first performed through abstract content, followed by screening of duplicate articles. The outcome of the search resulted in five articles for analysis. Full text-screening and quality assurance was appraised using AMSTAR, CASP, CON-SORT and STROBE critical appraisal tools according to study design. The gathered find-ings support extending vaccination of quadrivalent HPV to young males to reduce HPV-related penile neoplasm incidence rates. For more conclusive results, the findings require further follow-up studies with a longer follow-up period along with further country specific analysis both nationally and internationally. Key recommendations for practice include greater awareness and educational provision in regards to improved sexual health and sexuality with contribution to nursing practice.