Shadow education in Greece : characteristics, consequences and eradication efforts

Abstract

This chapter examines shadow education in Greece, with a focus being placed on private supplementary tutoring offered at secondary education level, and particularly to high school students wishing to continue their studies in higher education. The historical and socio-economic factors that have contributed to the emergence and development of shadow education are discussed, and key aspects of the educational system associated with it are analysed. Moreover, the forms of shadow education and its negative consequences in Greek society generally, and education more specifically, are considered. In this context, we point to the role of shadow education in generating educational inequalities and amplifying the economic burden on Greek families. Finally, we address the educational policies pursued by Greek governments in the recent decades in order to reduce shadow education.