Head lice infestations in Malta

Abstract

Introduction: Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are parasites specific to man, seen predominantly in children. Infestation is spread mainly by head-to-head contact. Head louse infections, or pediculosis, are sometimes accompanied by secondary infections. The condition can also create social problems in the community (Gillis et aI, 1990). Methodology: The studies conducted were aimed at investigating various local aspects of head lice infestations including: epidemiology, methods of detection, treatment and prevention, parents' attitudes and the role of the pharmacist. Three different questionnaires, each addressing the various issues mentioned above, were drawn up and distributed to the following three groups: (i) community pharmacists; (ii) a number of parents whose children attend a kindergarten centre or a primary school; (iii) a number of kindergarten assistants and primary school teachers. Parents were also asked specifically about their child's past cases of infection, if any. Records of head inspections carried out by school nurses were obtained from the Health Education Unit. The records available cover the years 1980-1987.