The walks and CDC of graphs with the same main eigenspace

Abstract

The main eigenvalues of a graph G are those eigenvalues of the (0, 1)-adjacency matrix A with a corresponding eigenspace not orthogonal to j = (1 | 1 | · · · | 1)T. The principal main eigenvector associated with a main eigenvalue is the orthogonal projection of the corresponding eigenspace onto j. The main eigenspace of a graph is generated by all the principal main eigenvectors and is the same as the image of the walk matrix. We explore a new concept to see to what extent the main eigenspace determines the entries of the walk matrix of a graph. The CDC of a graph G is the direct product G × K2. We establish a hierarchy of inclusions connecting classes of graphs in view of their CDC, walk matrix, main eigenvalues and main eigenspaces. We provide a new proof that graphs with the same CDC are characterized as TF-isomorphic graphs. A complete list of TF-isomorphic graphs on at most 8 vertices and their common CDC is also given.